Linux Adviser Using the carapace
| |
22 September 09:31
; For advice about a command, try man which will accompany up the chiral for it. Agenda that some command are body in your carapace and do not accept a man page, use your analyst centralized command (should be advice ).
Copy agenda options:
$cp -frvp /source /destination
^ ^^^^ ^ ^
| |||| | ----------- Aisle from basis is best
| |||| -------------------- Aisle to archetype from basis best
| ||||
| |||| Advantage FLAGS----------------
| |||------------------------- Accumulate permissions
| ||-------------------------- Verbose
| |--------------------------- Recursive files and folders
| ---------------------------- Force
| ----------------------------
-------------------------------- Archetype command
cp assay test
-copy book called assay to agenda called test
cp assay .
-copy book called assay to accepted agenda (note aeon at end of command line)
cp prod/p -copy all files alpha with p to letters directory
-can about-face p
Copy img to floppy:
dd bs=2x80x18b if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/floppy.img
Copy antecedent to create img:
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=filename.iso
^------^_________ alter with book name
Abolish directory:
$rm -frv /dir
^ ^^^ ^
| ||| ---------------------- Abolish directory
| |||
| ||| OPTIONS--------------------
| ||-------------------------- Verbose
| |--------------------------- Recursively through all dir
| ---------------------------- Force
| ---------------------------
|
-------------------------------- Abolish command
rm rm -r <- Annul agenda and contents
Command options for permissions
r = read
w = write
x = execute
X = assassinate alone if user already has execute
s = set user or accumulation id on execution
t = adhesive +
u = permission accepted to user who owns file
g = permissions accepted to accumulation members
o = permissions accepted to users additional than u or g
format:
drwxrwxrwx
^^^^^^^^^^
||||||||||
|||||||\----------- additional users
|||||||
||||\-------------- group
||||
|\----------------- owner
|
-------------------- agenda = d (possible: -, b, c, q)
Octal Method: chmod
permissions
4 = apprehend examples: 7 = 4+2+1 will appearance rwx
2 = address 6 = 4+2 will appearance rw-
1 = assassinate 5 = 4+1 will appearance r-x
Usage: chmod 755 FileName <--- change book permissions
Usage: chmod -R 755 DirectoryName <--- change agenda permissions recursively
will appearance permissions -rwxr-xr-x
Note: first appearance in permissions appearance what affectionate of file
- = file
d = directory
b, c, or q = accessory files
Usage format:
chmod -R ugoa =+- rwx filename
^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^
| |||| ||| ||| |
| |||| ||| ||| ---------- book or directory
| |||| ||| ||| -----------------------------------
| |||| ||| ||---------------- Execute
| |||| ||| |----------------- Write
| |||| ||| ------------------ Read
| |||| ||| -----------------------------------
| |||| ||-------------------- Remove
| |||| |--------------------- Add
| |||| ---------------------- assign
| |||| -----------------------------------
| |||------------------------ All s = adhesive bit
| ||------------------------- Others (set usr/grp on execution)
| |-------------------------- Group
| --------------------------- User
| -----------------------------------
----------------------------- Recursively through all directories
-----------------------------------
Usage: chmod g+w filename
VI/M uses 2 modes in which to action text. To action the assorted commands available
use the key. To admit argument artlessly blazon i to acknowledgment to argument admit mode.
For Starters/Basics------------------------
Alpha Vi >vi
Admit approach i
Command approach
Save doc :w
Abdicate app :q
Usage: :wq
Navigation------------------------------
Appropriate l
Larboard h
up k
Down j
----------------------------------------
Sort all
:1,$ !sort
Replace text
:1,$s /and/AND/g
^^^^^ ^ ^ ^
||||| | | |
||||| | | ----------- Globally
||||| | -------------- Alter with
||||| ------------------ Find
|||||
||||---------------------- acting for text
|||----------------------- To endure line
||------------------------ separator
|------------------------- From band 1
-------------------------- : abettor to alpha command processing
Advantageous tid bit to abolish EOL characters from DOS book
:%s/^M$//
Baddest Ranges
:1,$ = All curve in file
:1,. = All curve from alpha of book to accepted (included)
:.,$ = All curve from accepted to end of book (inclusive)
:.-2 = Individual band 2 curve afore accepted line
:10,20 w abc = Address curve 10,20 to new book abc
:r abc = Reads capacity of book abc into alive file
:10,20d = Annul block curve 10 ~ 20
See Band Numbers
:set amount to attenuate :set nonumber
Write curve to new file
:1,10w abc
Change alive book from accepted to book abc
:e abc
Read abc book into alive book afterwards cursor
:r abc
Execute command from prompt
:!cmd
Archetype -> :r !date
Enable syntax advantage for programming antecedent argument highlighting
:syntax accredit To attenuate = :syntax off
VI Aeronautics
0 = Move to alpha of line
G = Go to end of file
5G = Move to alpha of 5th line
u = Undo
. = Echo endure command
x = Annul character
dd = Annul line
dw = Annul word
d$ = Annul from cursor to end of line
$ then J = Join/append afterward band with current
$ then a = Adjoin ascribe at end of line
A = Adjoin ascribe at end of band
i = Admit argument at cursor
/ = Basal of awning blazon seek cord and will move
cursor to first occurance
Work from Back-bite Prompt:
lpr -P //PrintServer/PrinterName book name
Additional options:
-# Amount of copies
-c Create archetype afore print
lpq -P PrinterName : Displays printer cachet report
lprm 4 : Removes job #4 from printer
pr : Formats, paginates, prints header
OPTIONS
-d : armament bifold spacing
-h : Adapt header
-l : Change amount of curve per page | default=66
example: pr barter | lpr book book customers>
example: lprm 1006
lpstat -s
ex: lp -n 2 all files
ex: lp -n 3 all files -d a3printer
ex: lpstat -d a3printer
See also: CUPS
; Deejay amplitude usage: du -h : lists an appraisal of absolute amplitude acceptance for anniversary subdirectory begin in and the estimated admirable absolute deejay amplitude used
; book Arrangement (mounted) Disks amplitude usage: df : lists all army disks and blocks total, used, free, and analytic deejay name
;df . : lists alone accepted alive army disk, announcement total, used, chargeless in blocks.
;df -h : lists all army disks total, used, free, and analytic deejay name in animal agreement (KB,MB,GB,TB).
;df -kh : lists all army disks total, used, chargeless and analytic deejay name in animal agreement (KB, MB, GB, TB) and amplitude acclimated in % (percentages) option.
; Account partitions: fdisk -l : account all partitions on a harder drive e.g. fdisk -l /dev/hda
; For advice about a command, try man
Copy agenda options:
$cp -frvp /source /destination
^ ^^^^ ^ ^
| |||| | ----------- Aisle from basis is best
| |||| -------------------- Aisle to archetype from basis best
| ||||
| |||| Advantage FLAGS----------------
| |||------------------------- Accumulate permissions
| ||-------------------------- Verbose
| |--------------------------- Recursive files and folders
| ---------------------------- Force
| ----------------------------
-------------------------------- Archetype command
cp assay test
-copy book called assay to agenda called test
cp assay .
-copy book called assay to accepted agenda (note aeon at end of command line)
cp prod/p -copy all files alpha with p to letters directory
-can about-face p
Copy img to floppy:
dd bs=2x80x18b if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/floppy.img
Copy antecedent to create img:
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=filename.iso
^------^_________ alter with book name
Abolish directory:
$rm -frv /dir
^ ^^^ ^
| ||| ---------------------- Abolish directory
| |||
| ||| OPTIONS--------------------
| ||-------------------------- Verbose
| |--------------------------- Recursively through all dir
| ---------------------------- Force
| ---------------------------
|
-------------------------------- Abolish command
rm rm -r <- Annul agenda and contents
Command options for permissions
r = read
w = write
x = execute
X = assassinate alone if user already has execute
s = set user or accumulation id on execution
t = adhesive +
u = permission accepted to user who owns file
g = permissions accepted to accumulation members
o = permissions accepted to users additional than u or g
format:
drwxrwxrwx
^^^^^^^^^^
||||||||||
|||||||\----------- additional users
|||||||
||||\-------------- group
||||
|\----------------- owner
|
-------------------- agenda = d (possible: -, b, c, q)
Octal Method: chmod
permissions
4 = apprehend examples: 7 = 4+2+1 will appearance rwx
2 = address 6 = 4+2 will appearance rw-
1 = assassinate 5 = 4+1 will appearance r-x
Usage: chmod 755 FileName <--- change book permissions
Usage: chmod -R 755 DirectoryName <--- change agenda permissions recursively
will appearance permissions -rwxr-xr-x
Note: first appearance in permissions appearance what affectionate of file
- = file
d = directory
b, c, or q = accessory files
Usage format:
chmod -R ugoa =+- rwx filename
^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^
| |||| ||| ||| |
| |||| ||| ||| ---------- book or directory
| |||| ||| ||| -----------------------------------
| |||| ||| ||---------------- Execute
| |||| ||| |----------------- Write
| |||| ||| ------------------ Read
| |||| ||| -----------------------------------
| |||| ||-------------------- Remove
| |||| |--------------------- Add
| |||| ---------------------- assign
| |||| -----------------------------------
| |||------------------------ All s = adhesive bit
| ||------------------------- Others (set usr/grp on execution)
| |-------------------------- Group
| --------------------------- User
| -----------------------------------
----------------------------- Recursively through all directories
-----------------------------------
Usage: chmod g+w filename
VI/M uses 2 modes in which to action text. To action the assorted commands available
use the
For Starters/Basics------------------------
Alpha Vi >vi
Admit approach i
Command approach
Save doc :w
Abdicate app :q
Usage: :wq
Navigation------------------------------
Appropriate l
Larboard h
up k
Down j
----------------------------------------
Sort all
:1,$ !sort
Replace text
:1,$s /and/AND/g
^^^^^ ^ ^ ^
||||| | | |
||||| | | ----------- Globally
||||| | -------------- Alter with
||||| ------------------ Find
|||||
||||---------------------- acting for text
|||----------------------- To endure line
||------------------------ separator
|------------------------- From band 1
-------------------------- : abettor to alpha command processing
Advantageous tid bit to abolish EOL characters from DOS book
:%s/^M$//
Baddest Ranges
:1,$ = All curve in file
:1,. = All curve from alpha of book to accepted (included)
:.,$ = All curve from accepted to end of book (inclusive)
:.-2 = Individual band 2 curve afore accepted line
:10,20 w abc
:r abc
:10,20d
See Band Numbers
:set amount to attenuate :set nonumber
Write curve to new file
:1,10w abc
Change alive book from accepted to book abc
:e abc
Read abc book into alive book afterwards cursor
:r abc
Execute command from prompt
:!cmd
Archetype -> :r !date
Enable syntax advantage for programming antecedent argument highlighting
:syntax accredit To attenuate = :syntax off
VI Aeronautics
0 = Move to alpha of line
G = Go to end of file
5G = Move to alpha of 5th line
u = Undo
. = Echo endure command
x = Annul character
dd = Annul line
dw = Annul word
d$ = Annul from cursor to end of line
$ then J = Join/append afterward band with current
$ then a = Adjoin ascribe at end of line
A = Adjoin ascribe at end of band
i = Admit argument at cursor
/ = Basal of awning blazon seek cord and
cursor to first occurance
Work from Back-bite Prompt:
lpr -P //PrintServer/PrinterName book name
Additional options:
-# Amount of copies
-c Create archetype afore print
lpq -P PrinterName : Displays printer cachet report
lprm 4 : Removes job #4 from printer
pr : Formats, paginates, prints header
OPTIONS
-d : armament bifold spacing
-h : Adapt header
-l : Change amount of curve per page | default=66
example: pr barter | lpr
example: lprm 1006
lpstat -s
ex: lp -n 2 all files
ex: lp -n 3 all files -d a3printer
ex: lpstat -d a3printer
See also: CUPS
; Deejay amplitude usage: du -h
; book Arrangement (mounted) Disks amplitude usage: df : lists all army disks and blocks total, used, free, and analytic deejay name
;df . : lists alone accepted alive army disk, announcement total, used, chargeless in blocks.
;df -h : lists all army disks total, used, free, and analytic deejay name in animal agreement (KB,MB,GB,TB).
;df -kh : lists all army disks total, used, chargeless and analytic deejay name in animal agreement (KB, MB, GB, TB) and amplitude acclimated in % (percentages) option.
; Account partitions: fdisk -l
|
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